Elbow Fractures: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options
Elbow Anatomy
The arm consists of three bones that join to form the elbow, a hinge joint. The upper arm bone, called the humerus, connects the shoulder to the elbow and forms the top portion of the joint. The forearm consists of two bones, the radius and ulna, which connect the wrist to the elbow and form the lower portion of the joint.
What are Elbow Fractures?
Elbow fractures may occur from trauma such as a fall on an outstretched arm, a direct blow to the elbow, or an abnormal twist beyond the joint’s functional limit.
What are the Types of Elbow Fractures?
The types of elbow fractures include:
- Radial head and neck fractures: Fractures in the head portion of the radius bone are referred to as radial head and neck fractures.
- Olecranon fractures: These are the most common elbow fractures, occurring at the bony prominence of the ulna.
- Distal humerus fractures: These fractures are common in children and older people. Nerves and arteries in the joint may sometimes be injured in these fractures.
Symptoms of Elbow Fractures
Symptoms of an elbow fracture may include pain, bruising, stiffness, swelling around the elbow, a popping or cracking sound, numbness or weakness in the arm, wrist, and hand, and deformity of the elbow bones.
Diagnosis of Elbow Fractures
To diagnose an elbow fracture, your doctor will review your history, perform a physical examination, and order X-rays of the joint. In some cases, a CT scan may be needed to view details of the joint surface.
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Treatment Options for Elbow Fractures
Treatment focuses on restoring early motion and reducing the risk of elbow stiffness. Non-surgical options include pain medication, ice, a splint or sling to immobilize the elbow during healing, and physical therapy.
Elbow Surgery is needed for displaced and open fractures to realign the bones and stabilize the joint with screws, plates, pins, and wires. Strengthening exercises are recommended to improve the range of motion.
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